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Gastric Bypass Surgery Regulates Glucose Homeostasis Through the Hypothalamus
Huangna Quan,
Xue-jun Yang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
32-38
Received:
14 April 2019
Accepted:
28 May 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: To explore the role of blood glucose regulation in gastric bypass surgery is a hot point in the treatment of diabetes in recent years. Current evidence is very clear that the gastric bypass surgery is one of the most promising therapy to cure type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms are not yet understood. Studying the mechanism of surgical treatment can not only understand the pathogenesis of diabetes, but also have important scientific and practical significance for clinically and safely carrying out this therapy. As is known to all, the body's energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis are regulated by the hypothalamus. Thus, we summarize the process mechanism of central regulation of glucose homeostasis in post-surgery and find that the hypothalamus after gastric bypass surgery showed enhanced expression of peripheral signal receptors, enhancement of leptin signal and insulin signal, and expression changes of certain related genes, then issued neuroendocrine signals to control peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Then, we prove that the improvement of peripheral metabolic status is caused by the decisive role of central regulation in post-surgery. These funding provide scientific basis to improve the understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanism of diabetes and the development of clinical implication of gastric bypass surgery.
Abstract: To explore the role of blood glucose regulation in gastric bypass surgery is a hot point in the treatment of diabetes in recent years. Current evidence is very clear that the gastric bypass surgery is one of the most promising therapy to cure type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms are not yet understood. Studying the mechanism of surgical treatme...
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Prevalence of Unplanned Pregnancy and Factor Among Pregnant Women, Ethiopia 2018 GC
Asnakech Sisay,
Nitsubirhan Asres,
Sofonias Tesfaye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
39-46
Received:
19 October 2018
Accepted:
12 June 2019
Published:
29 June 2019
Abstract: Unplanned pregnancy is a public health concern in both developing and developed world. It is predispose women to maternal deaths and illness mainly through unsafe abortion and poor maternity care, and also it causes adverse social and health outcome for mother, children and family as whole. Unplanned pregnancy can have serious health, economic, psychological and social consequence for women, their children and families. The objectives of this study are to assess the prevalence and associated factors of unplanned pregnancy among pregnant mothers in Arerti town. Community based cross sectional study was done from March 18 – March 22, 2018 GC. Out of 334 pregnant women in Arerti town, data were collected from 327(97.9%) pregnant women. The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 97(29.9%). Use of family planning methods [AOR= 3.845(2.023-7.307)] and educational status of pregnant women [AOR=12.472(1.571-99.011)] were factors significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy. According to this study over one third of pregnant women had unplanned pregnancy. We Recommend that there is an apparent need to provide information and counseling about each contraceptive methods by health extension and other health service worker in order to make informed choice and correct method use and strengthening family planning methods among client in need of service and encourage women’s education.
Abstract: Unplanned pregnancy is a public health concern in both developing and developed world. It is predispose women to maternal deaths and illness mainly through unsafe abortion and poor maternity care, and also it causes adverse social and health outcome for mother, children and family as whole. Unplanned pregnancy can have serious health, economic, psy...
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Assessment of Sero-prevalence of HIV and Associated Factors Among Debre Berhan University Students, Ethiopia
Yohannes Girma Zewdie,
Alemnesh Tesema Tilahun,
Biniam Assefa Alamirew
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
47-52
Received:
10 August 2018
Accepted:
26 September 2018
Published:
11 July 2019
Abstract: Introduction: Young adults including university students are at high risk of acquiring HIV due to their risky sexual practices and the recent emergence of rising HIV epidemic in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess Sero-prevalence of HIV and associated factors among students of Debre Berhan University. Method: Institution based Cross sectional study design was employed. Sample size was determined using Epi Info version 3.4 which is 580. A combination of stratified and simple random sampling technique was carried out to allocate the sample. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire and blood sample for HIV screening was taken. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16. 95% C.I was used to determine the associated factors of risky sexual behavior and P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Result: The HIV Sero-prevalence among the students was 0.36%. Among 557 participants, 140 (25.13%) reported having at least one risky sexual behavior in their lifetime. Participants, 140 (25.13%) reported having at least one risky sexual behavior in their lifetime. Cigarette smoking and pornography exposure shows significant association with risky sexual behavior. Therefore, this study suggested that HIV Sero-prevalence and risky sexual behavior among the students is relatively high and needs urgent interventions.
Abstract: Introduction: Young adults including university students are at high risk of acquiring HIV due to their risky sexual practices and the recent emergence of rising HIV epidemic in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess Sero-prevalence of HIV and associated factors among students of Debre Berhan University. Method: Institution based Cross secti...
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Extensive Trauma of Male External Genitalia in Children: A Case Report
Amadou Kassogue,
Alkadri Diarra,
Honore Jean Gabriel Berthe,
Moussa Salifou Diallo,
Mamadou Tidiani Coulibaly,
Dramane Nafo Cisse,
Mamadou Lamine Diakite
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
53-55
Received:
6 June 2019
Accepted:
1 July 2019
Published:
12 July 2019
Abstract: The trauma with grinding of the external genitalia is a urological emergency. Management is surgical (trimming, orchidopexy, orchiectomy). Male genital lesions, while rarely life threatening, require prompt and appropriate management to prevent long-term sexual and psychological damage. The management of these lesions is a challenge for the urologist. It is medicolegal and in the child a consent must be given by the family before the treatment. Mr. K A, 10-year-old child, admitted to the Emergency Department of the Bocar S Sall Teaching Hospital in Kati for a road accident, resulting in trauma to the external genitalia. On examination, the general condition was satisfactory, the open scrotum showing the two testicles, the naked penis. The abdominopelvic ultrasound was normal. The radiograph of the pelvis had objectified fractures in the iliac bones. A trauma and ophthalmological opinion was requested. Informed consent was given to the family for possible erectile dysfunction and fertility disorders. We performed a suprapubic catheterization under triple antibiotherapy, trimming, bilateral orchidopexy. The evolution was marked by superinfection with tissue necrosis leading to the loss of the right testicle. We report an unusual case of trauma with external genitalia crushing in the child.
Abstract: The trauma with grinding of the external genitalia is a urological emergency. Management is surgical (trimming, orchidopexy, orchiectomy). Male genital lesions, while rarely life threatening, require prompt and appropriate management to prevent long-term sexual and psychological damage. The management of these lesions is a challenge for the urologi...
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