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Hepatitis C Virus Seroconversion Among Hemodialysis Patients and the Role of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patient's Isolation in Benha, Egypt
Mohamed El–Tantawy Ibrahim,
Mona Ahmed Elawady
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
31-36
Received:
7 January 2017
Accepted:
6 February 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis units (HD) is higher than among normal population. Seroconversion was included in many previous studies which constitute a great problem against infection control policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroconversion rate and the effect of isolation of hepatitis C positive patients as infection control method. This is controlled prospective study that included 90 patients for 2 years. Isolation policy of hepatitis C positive patients was implemented in the second year of the study. The prevalence of HCV was 48.9% among hemodialysis patients. Seroconversion rate decreased from 15.2% in the first year to 5.1%in the second year after application of isolation. The duration of hemodialysis in months, positive history of blood transfusion and the amount of transfused blood were considered significant factors affecting seroconversion. so we concluded that Isolation of hepatitis C positive patients as an infection control policy is mandatory to control HCV seroconversion in Egypt.
Abstract: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in hemodialysis units (HD) is higher than among normal population. Seroconversion was included in many previous studies which constitute a great problem against infection control policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroconversion rate and the effect of isolation of hepatitis C positive...
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Assessment of Community Awareness Towards Zoonotic Tuberculosis in West Shoa, Ethiopia
Berhanu Temesgen,
Moa Melaku Shigut,
Tilahun Bekele Hailemariam,
Eshetu Chali
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
37-42
Received:
20 July 2016
Accepted:
23 September 2016
Published:
4 March 2017
Abstract: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2015 to April, 2016 to assess awareness of the community towards the zoonotic importance of bovine tuberculosis in Bako town and its surrounding villages. About 480 randomly selected human populations were interviewed. Awareness of respondents about zoonotic importance of bovine tuberculosis has significantly different in different categories of the variables including educational level (p=0.001), occupation (p=0.007) and age (p=0.041) of the respondents. 58.1% (280) of population have a knowledge of zoonotic tuberculosis transmission through consumption of raw milk, whereas 7.9% (38), 4.4% (21) and 9.2% (44) aware only zoonotictuberculosis transmission through uncooked meat, inhalation and contact, respectively. However, 20.2% (97) of respondents were having no awarenesson the transmission routes of zoonotic TB. From the respondents, 63 (13.1%) were consume raw milk, even though most of the participants (170, 59%) were consuming boiled milk. Those consume both raw and boiled milk were accounted for 58 (20.1%). The ways of community milk usage was significantly different in different types of respondent’s occupation and in different districts (p=0.000). This study indicates that the community awareness about zoonotic tuberculosis and its means of transmission was very low. Therefore, it necessitates detail study on epidemiological and socioeconomic significance of the disease in the community so as for effective implementation of TB control and prevention measures.
Abstract: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2015 to April, 2016 to assess awareness of the community towards the zoonotic importance of bovine tuberculosis in Bako town and its surrounding villages. About 480 randomly selected human populations were interviewed. Awareness of respondents about zoonotic importance of bovin...
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Assessment of Occupational Stress and Associated Factors Among Nurses in East Gojjam Zone Public Hospitals Northwest Ethiopia, 2016
Dessalegn Haile Kassa,
Abebe Dilie Afenigus,
Bekele Tesfaye Meteku,
Benalefew Lake Mengisitie,
Berhanu Dessalegn Telila
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
43-48
Received:
1 February 2017
Accepted:
17 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: Background: Occupational stress has been reported to affect job satisfaction among nurses, thus compromising nursing care and placing patients’ lives at risk. Nursing has been identified and reported by a number of studies as a stressful occupation. Occupational stress is a serious condition for nursing professionals that is directly associated with impaired and inappropriate performance and working within clinical settings. Objective: To assess the level of occupational stress and associated factors among nurses in East Gojjam Zone Public hospitals northwest Ethiopia 2016. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. Sampling method was simple random sampling and data were collected from March 8 to 23, 2016. Source population of the study were all nurses who work at public hospitals in East Gojjam zone public hospitals and sample size was 181 nurses from the four hospitals. After nurses were proportionally allocated to size from the four hospitals, data were collected through pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 178 nurses were voluntarily agreed to participate in the study with a response rate of 98.3%. The study finding showed that 57.3% of nurses were occupationally stressful. Workload subscale was the most sources of stress followed by death and dying and uncertainty concerning treatment. Sex and work experience of respondents were significantly associated with occupational stress. All subscales of expanded nursing stress scale were positively correlated with over overall occupational stress. Conclusion: More than half of the nurses were occupationally stressful. Recommendation: The Amhara regional health bureau and study hospitals should develop stress reduction management programs.
Abstract: Background: Occupational stress has been reported to affect job satisfaction among nurses, thus compromising nursing care and placing patients’ lives at risk. Nursing has been identified and reported by a number of studies as a stressful occupation. Occupational stress is a serious condition for nursing professionals that is directly associated wit...
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Acceptance of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women in Adama Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Ebrahim Mohammed,
Legese Tadese,
Gabi Agero
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
53-63
Received:
28 November 2016
Accepted:
16 December 2016
Published:
18 March 2017
Abstract: The global population is expected to reach between 7.5 and 10.5 billion by the year 2050. Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa next to Nigeria. Total Fertility Rate of Ethiopia is 4.1 children per women; contraceptive prevalence rate is 29% for all child bearing age women. The prevalence of long acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCs) in Ethiopia was very low (4.2%). The cause for low prevalence of LARCs is not known. Thisstudy assessed the acceptance and factors associated with acceptance of long acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCs) among reproductive age women in Adama Town, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2016. Institution-based cross-sectional study was employed. A total of 644 women attending family planning clinics in health facilities in Adamatownin March 2016 were randomly selected. Structured, pretested and interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Univariateand Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with acceptance of LARCs methods. Adjusted Odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association among study variables. The acceptance of LARCs methods was found 27.9% Respondents` age (25-34 years) (AOR, 0.19; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.54) were negatively associated, occupation (govern employed) (AOR, 8.80; 95% CI: 1.38, 56.13), Supportive partners attitude (AOR, 30.26; 95% CI: 10.52, 87.03), time taken to arrive the health facility (AOR, 5.68; 95% CI: 2.11, 15.27), partners discussion (AOR, 23.23; 95% CI: 8.55, 63.08) and ever using LARCs before (AOR, 5.50; 95% CI: 2.11, 14.31) were found to have significant and positive association with acceptance of LARCs. CurrentLARCs acceptance is low (27.9%). Regional Health Bureau, Adama Town Health Office and other stakeholders should continue promotion of LARCs. Health professionals should teach both the clients and their partners about the benefits and disadvantage of LARCs. Partners should discus on benefits of using LARCs.
Abstract: The global population is expected to reach between 7.5 and 10.5 billion by the year 2050. Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa next to Nigeria. Total Fertility Rate of Ethiopia is 4.1 children per women; contraceptive prevalence rate is 29% for all child bearing age women. The prevalence of long acting reversible contr...
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