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Characterization of the Somatotype in Taekwondo: Systematic Review
Cristian Pena-Sanchez,
Melba Mieles-Ramirez,
Brayan Patino-Palma
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
13-19
Received:
5 January 2022
Accepted:
20 January 2022
Published:
18 March 2022
Abstract: The Taekwondo, as in other sports, athletes who have certain physical characteristics have an advantage over their opponents, in this sense, success in the practice of taekwondo requires certain types of physical, physiological, psychological and social capacities, so those athletes whose characteristics anthropometric are favorable to them, they may be benefited over others. This is why we set ourselves the objective of reviewing the information regarding the somatotype presented by athletes who practice taekwondo. A Systematic Review of the databases "PubMed", "SportDiscus", "Scopus", “ScienceDirect", “ProQuest", “Dialnet” and “SciELO" was carried out using in the search criteria Boolean operators and keywords of the following way: ("taekwondo" OR "karate" OR "martial arts" OR "judo" OR "mixed martial arts") AND ("somatotype" OR "body composition" OR "anthropometry"). A total of 15 works were obtained to carry out the analysis, the total sample of these studies adds up to 826 athletes, with a mean age of 20.4 ± 1.76 years. Varied results were found, depending on the competitive level, the country and the weight category, but there was a certain trend towards outstanding values of the mesomorphic component and of the ectomorphy in men, in contrast, for the female sex, although fewer studies were found to analyze, a trend towards a central somatotypic classification was evidenced. The study of body composition and somatotype is just one of the many factors to take into account when carrying out the analysis of an athlete or a group of athletes, however, this may be the starting point to be able to identify potential talents in this sport.
Abstract: The Taekwondo, as in other sports, athletes who have certain physical characteristics have an advantage over their opponents, in this sense, success in the practice of taekwondo requires certain types of physical, physiological, psychological and social capacities, so those athletes whose characteristics anthropometric are favorable to them, they m...
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A Review of Pattern of Presentation, Morbidity, and Mortality of Breast Cancer at a New Teaching Hospital in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
20-27
Received:
6 February 2022
Accepted:
14 March 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in Nigeria. The incidence has been increasing steadily, particularly in younger women. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of the pattern of presentation, morbidity, and mortality of consecutive patients with breast cancer at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. A hundred (100) eligible patients’ records from the cancer registry, between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2019 - A 5 year period, were reviewed. Result: The patients were mostly married women with a higher level of education and a mean age of 44.46±10. 81 years. The commonest presenting symptom was a painless breast lump (93.0%). Others are painful breast lump (1.0%), breast ulceration (2.0%), swelling in the axilla (2.0%) and unproductive cough (2.0%), respectively. The left breast is most frequently affected by breast cancer (50.0%), followed by the right breast (44.0%), while bilateral disease accounted for 6.0%. The upper outer quadrant of the breast accounted for 60.0% of cases. The frequency distribution of menopausal status is pre-menopausal (57.0%), menopausal (28.0%), post-menopausal (14.0%) and andropause (1.0%). Twenty-nine percent (29.0%) of patients presented with symptoms of one (1) year duration, while twenty-four percent (24.0%) had a duration of the symptom of six (6) months. Invariably fifty-three percent (53.0%) of the patients had symptoms between 6 months-1 year before presentation to the hospital. The majority (91.0%) of the patients presented with late disease. In this study pleural effusion is the commonest form of morbidity (44.0%) among patients with breast cancer. The mortality rate is 26.0%, though significantly high, only reflected death that occurred within the hospital which might be a far cry from the overall mortality in five (5) years because a significant number of the terminally ill patients preferred to die at home or in proximity to family members. Conclusion: The majority of the patients were young premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer at the time of presentation. Delayed presentation is responsible for the dismal outlook of breast cancer care in Nigeria. The reasons for delays are protean, however, the importance of early presentation to curbing the scourge of breast cancer cannot be overemphasized. Early diagnosis is crucial to the management and outcome of breast cancer, thus there is an urgent need to establish national breast cancer screening programs to facilitate early diagnosis and mitigate its morbidity and mortality, by healthcare policymakers in the country.
Abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in Nigeria. The incidence has been increasing steadily, particularly in younger women. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of the pattern of presentation, morbidity, and mortality of consecutive patients with breast cancer at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospit...
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Genistein Improves Barrier Function and Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells from Preeclampsia Patients
Dan Wu,
Lixing Liu,
Min Zhang,
Xianhui Min
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
28-35
Received:
4 March 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2022
Published:
14 April 2022
Abstract: Preeclampsia (PE), which is characterized by hypertension in women who have normal blood pressure before pregnancy and is accompanied by proteinuria, edema, and major organ damage, is the major cause of the increased mortality in pregnant women and perinatal fetuses. So far, genistein is recognized as the only safe and effective natural phytoestrogen without estrogen-like adverse reactions. Recent studies show that genistein may play a significant role in controlling oxidative/nitrative stress during preeclampsia, indicating a possible beneficial role of genistein in the prevention of preeclampsia. However, the ability of genistein to prevent and treat pregnancy-induced hypertension, especially preeclampsia, is unknown. To study the effect of genistein on endothelial cell damage in preeclampsia, we isolated human umbilical vein cells (HUVEC) from 20 normal pregnant women and 40 preeclampsia patients (half treated with genistein and the other half untreated). We found that HUVEC barrier function, proliferation, nitric oxide synthesis, glutathione peroxidase activity, and Bcl-2 expression were significantly decreased in the PE group. Furthermore, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels and Bax expression were significantly increased comparing to control group. Genistein treatment reversed these changes in the PE group, suggesting that genistein reduces endothelial cell damage in preeclampsia HUVEC and providing a supporting the use of genistein for PE prevention and treatment.
Abstract: Preeclampsia (PE), which is characterized by hypertension in women who have normal blood pressure before pregnancy and is accompanied by proteinuria, edema, and major organ damage, is the major cause of the increased mortality in pregnant women and perinatal fetuses. So far, genistein is recognized as the only safe and effective natural phytoestrog...
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