Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor; Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor, Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu

Published in Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 3 September 2015 Accepted: 8 October 2015 Published: 19 October 2015

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Abstract

This study highlighted on coal production and reserves in Nigeria, chemical characteristics of air dried coal and utilization potential of the Nigerian coal in the domestic and industrial sectors. It discussed coal briquetting technology and processes involved in producing smokeless briquette fuel - coal drying, screening, crushing and carbonization to remove obnoxious volatile matters. The coal briquetting press developed at Energy Research Center University of Nigeria, Nsukka was used to produce three different briquette samples (B), (C) and (D) using a sub-bituminous coal obtained from Onyeama Mine in Enugu. The coal sample was pulverized, sieved and carbonized at the temperature of about 550oC, and mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% starch-binder concentrations respectively and compacted under pressure of 9 N/mm² and allowed to stay for five minutes before ejection. The briquette D possessed better handling quality than briquette B and C, but has lower calorific value, higher ignition time and lower burning rate. The moisture contents and volatiles of the briquettes tend to increase with increase in starch-binder concentrations, while the ash content decreased with an increase in starch-binder concentration. The calorific values and fixed carbon content of the produced briquettes decreased with an increase in the starch-binder concentrations and this could be due to decrease in the coal content of the briquettes, which has a higher calorific value and fixed carbon.

Published in	Science Journal of Energy Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
Page(s)	33-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coal, Briquetting Processes, Coal Briquettes, Starch-Binder

References

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[2]	Oyeyinka, Management of Technological Change in Africa: The Coal Industry in Nigeria International Development Research Centre, pp. 3-29, (2004).
[3]	Dayo, F. B., Clean Energy Investment in Nigeria: The domestic context. Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development, 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3B 0Y4, pp. 24 – 26, 2008.
[4]	Pallavi, S., Nigeria Coal Production 1980-2012. International Energy Statistics, 2015.
[5]	EIA, Country Analysis Brief – Nigeria, U. S. Energy Information Administration, 2005. www.eia.gov/emeu/ecbs/nigeria.html.
[6]	ICEED, Improved woodstoves Workshop and Exhibition. International Centre for Energy, Environment and Development, 2007. http://www.iceednigeria.org/project.
[7]	Nigerian Coal Corporation (nd). Coal Reserves and Production Potential in Nigeria. Nigerian Coal Corporation, Okpara Avenue, Enugu, Nigeria.
[8]	Local Sourcing of Raw Materials: Solid Mineral Deposits in Nigeria Profile (1999): Nigeria Investment Commission, Maitama District Abuja Nigeria. www.nipc-nigeria.org/solidmin.htm
[9]	Enibe, S. O. Power Plant Engineering Lecture Notes, 1998. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Unpublished.
[10]	Walters, A. D. (nd). Coal Preparation. www.ilo.org/safework_bookshelf/english? content&nd.
[11]	Komarek, K.R. The Briquetting Process and Compacting Process. Inc. 548 Clayton Ct. Wood Dale, IL, 60191, USA. 2009. http://www.komarek.com/briquette-process.html
[12]	Rao, S. and Parulekar, B., Energy Technology Nonconventional, Renewable and Conventional. Khanna Publishers, 2-B Nath Market, Nai Sarak, Delhi – 110006, pp.742- 744. 2004.
[13]	Krug and Nauendorf "Briquetting of brown coal Volume 1, section on Drying, VEB Deutscher Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1984, 1st Edition.
[14]	Barkowitz, N., An Introduction to Coal Technology. Second edition. Academic Press INC. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101 – 4495, pp. 205-209, 1994.
[15]	Skodras, G. and Amarantos, P., Overview of Low Temperature Carbonisation. Center for Research and Technology Hellas Institute for Solid Fuels Technology and Applications, 2004.
[16]	King, J., GLow-Temperature Carbonisation. 1st World Petroleum Congress, London, UK, 2003.
[17]	Ikelle I. I. and Mbam. J. The Study of Briquettes Produced With Bitumen, CaSO4 and Starch as Binders. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) Volume-03, Issue-06, pp-221-226, 2014.
[18]	Davies R. M. and Abolude D. S., Mechanical Handling Characteristics of Briquettes Produced from Water Hyacinth and Plantain Peel as Binder Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 2(1): 93-102, 2013.

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APA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor, Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. (2015). Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(4), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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ACS Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor; Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 3(4), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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AMA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor, Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Sci J Energy Eng. 2015;3(4):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11,
  author = {Izuchukwu Francis Okafor and Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu},
  title = {Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {33-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20150304.11},
  abstract = {This study highlighted on coal production and reserves in Nigeria, chemical characteristics of air dried coal and utilization potential of the Nigerian coal in the domestic and industrial sectors. It discussed coal briquetting technology and processes involved in producing smokeless briquette fuel - coal drying, screening, crushing and carbonization to remove obnoxious volatile matters. The coal briquetting press developed at Energy Research Center University of Nigeria, Nsukka was used to produce three different briquette samples (B), (C) and (D) using a sub-bituminous coal obtained from Onyeama Mine in Enugu. The coal sample was pulverized, sieved and carbonized at the temperature of about 550oC, and mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% starch-binder concentrations respectively and compacted under pressure of 9 N/mm2 and allowed to stay for five minutes before ejection. The briquette D possessed better handling quality than briquette B and C, but has lower calorific value, higher ignition time and lower burning rate. The moisture contents and volatiles of the briquettes tend to increase with increase in starch-binder concentrations, while the ash content decreased with an increase in starch-binder concentration. The calorific values and fixed carbon content of the produced briquettes decreased with an increase in the starch-binder concentrations and this could be due to decrease in the coal content of the briquettes, which has a higher calorific value and fixed carbon.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses
AU  - Izuchukwu Francis Okafor
AU  - Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu
Y1  - 2015/10/19
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 33
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
AB  - This study highlighted on coal production and reserves in Nigeria, chemical characteristics of air dried coal and utilization potential of the Nigerian coal in the domestic and industrial sectors. It discussed coal briquetting technology and processes involved in producing smokeless briquette fuel - coal drying, screening, crushing and carbonization to remove obnoxious volatile matters. The coal briquetting press developed at Energy Research Center University of Nigeria, Nsukka was used to produce three different briquette samples (B), (C) and (D) using a sub-bituminous coal obtained from Onyeama Mine in Enugu. The coal sample was pulverized, sieved and carbonized at the temperature of about 550oC, and mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% starch-binder concentrations respectively and compacted under pressure of 9 N/mm2 and allowed to stay for five minutes before ejection. The briquette D possessed better handling quality than briquette B and C, but has lower calorific value, higher ignition time and lower burning rate. The moisture contents and volatiles of the briquettes tend to increase with increase in starch-binder concentrations, while the ash content decreased with an increase in starch-binder concentration. The calorific values and fixed carbon content of the produced briquettes decreased with an increase in the starch-binder concentrations and this could be due to decrease in the coal content of the briquettes, which has a higher calorific value and fixed carbon.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor

National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu

National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor, Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. (2015). Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 3(4), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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ACS Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor; Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Sci. J. Energy Eng. 2015, 3(4), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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AMA Style

Izuchukwu Francis Okafor, Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu. Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses. Sci J Energy Eng. 2015;3(4):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11,
  author = {Izuchukwu Francis Okafor and Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu},
  title = {Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses},
  journal = {Science Journal of Energy Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {33-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjee.20150304.11},
  abstract = {This study highlighted on coal production and reserves in Nigeria, chemical characteristics of air dried coal and utilization potential of the Nigerian coal in the domestic and industrial sectors. It discussed coal briquetting technology and processes involved in producing smokeless briquette fuel - coal drying, screening, crushing and carbonization to remove obnoxious volatile matters. The coal briquetting press developed at Energy Research Center University of Nigeria, Nsukka was used to produce three different briquette samples (B), (C) and (D) using a sub-bituminous coal obtained from Onyeama Mine in Enugu. The coal sample was pulverized, sieved and carbonized at the temperature of about 550oC, and mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% starch-binder concentrations respectively and compacted under pressure of 9 N/mm2 and allowed to stay for five minutes before ejection. The briquette D possessed better handling quality than briquette B and C, but has lower calorific value, higher ignition time and lower burning rate. The moisture contents and volatiles of the briquettes tend to increase with increase in starch-binder concentrations, while the ash content decreased with an increase in starch-binder concentration. The calorific values and fixed carbon content of the produced briquettes decreased with an increase in the starch-binder concentrations and this could be due to decrease in the coal content of the briquettes, which has a higher calorific value and fixed carbon.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Production of Smokeless Briquette Fuel from Sub-bituminous Coal for Domestic and Industrial Uses
AU  - Izuchukwu Francis Okafor
AU  - Cosmas Ngozichukwu Anyanwu
Y1  - 2015/10/19
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
T2  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JF  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
JO  - Science Journal of Energy Engineering
SP  - 33
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8126
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjee.20150304.11
AB  - This study highlighted on coal production and reserves in Nigeria, chemical characteristics of air dried coal and utilization potential of the Nigerian coal in the domestic and industrial sectors. It discussed coal briquetting technology and processes involved in producing smokeless briquette fuel - coal drying, screening, crushing and carbonization to remove obnoxious volatile matters. The coal briquetting press developed at Energy Research Center University of Nigeria, Nsukka was used to produce three different briquette samples (B), (C) and (D) using a sub-bituminous coal obtained from Onyeama Mine in Enugu. The coal sample was pulverized, sieved and carbonized at the temperature of about 550oC, and mixed with 5%, 10% and 15% starch-binder concentrations respectively and compacted under pressure of 9 N/mm2 and allowed to stay for five minutes before ejection. The briquette D possessed better handling quality than briquette B and C, but has lower calorific value, higher ignition time and lower burning rate. The moisture contents and volatiles of the briquettes tend to increase with increase in starch-binder concentrations, while the ash content decreased with an increase in starch-binder concentration. The calorific values and fixed carbon content of the produced briquettes decreased with an increase in the starch-binder concentrations and this could be due to decrease in the coal content of the briquettes, which has a higher calorific value and fixed carbon.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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