Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite

Anike David Chukwudi; Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma; Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka; Ezuh Cyprian Sunday

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite

Anike David Chukwudi, Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma, Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka, Ezuh Cyprian Sunday

Published in Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 17 July 2015 Accepted: 5 August 2015 Published: 19 August 2015

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Abstract

This work studied the comparison of the effects of acetylation and alkali treatments on the physical and morphological properties of raffia palm fibre polyester composites. The clean raffia palm fibres obtained from raffia palm tree were pre-treated using acetylation and alkali (mercerization) methods. The treated fibres were dried, ground and incorporate into polyester resin at various fibre loads of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The treated fibre composite samples were subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D638 using Instron model 3369. The microhardness test was done using microhardness tester (LECO/M700AT). The scanning electron micrographs of the samples were taken using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine, model EVO/MA 10. The results of the analyses showed that the composites of the acetylated fibre improved the properties of the composites for ultimate tensile strength, better than the composites of alkali(mercerized) treated fibre, while the latter gave better modulus of elasticity and extension at break. Both the treatment methods showed increase in microhardness for the composites as fibre loads increases, but the acetylated fibre composites gave better results at each of the fibre loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, studied. The SEM of the acetylated fibre composites, especially the 5% fibre load, showed better fibre-matrix interfacial bonding than the alkali treated fibre composites.

Published in	Science Journal of Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
Page(s)	72-77
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Raffia Palm Fibre, Polyester Resin, Composite, Acetylation, Alkali (Mercerization) Treatments

References

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[2]	B. Wang, S. Panigralic, W. Crarar and L. Tabil (2003): Application of Pretreated Flax Fibres in Composites. Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering Sas Katton. Canada. 56-63.
[3]	P.Wambua, J. Iven and I. Verpoest (2003): Natural Fibres: Can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics? Composite Science and Technology. 63: 1259-1264.
[4]	E.S. Zainudin, S.M. Sapuan and T.M. Mohamad (2009): Mechanical Properties of Compression moulded Banana Pseudostem filled, unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Polymer Plastic Technology and Engineering.48:97-101.
[5]	Alvarez V. A., Ruscekaite R. A., Vazquez A. J.: Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of composites made from a biodegradable matrix and alkaline treated sisal fibres. Journal of Composite Materials, 37, 1575–1588 (2003).
[6]	D. R. Anandjiwala and M. J. John (2007), Recent developments in chemical modification and characterization of natural fibre reinforced composites, Wiley InterScience, Society of Plastics Engineers, 188-207.
[7]	S. H. Aziz, and M. P. Ansell (2004), The Effect of Alkalization and Fibre alingnment on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf and Hemp bast fibre Composites: Part I- Polyester resin matrix,” composites: Science and technology 64(9), 1219-1230.
[8]	A. Jahn, MW. Schroder, M. Fu¨ ting, K. Schenzel, W. Diepenbrock (2002), Spectrochim Acta A: Mol Biomol Spectrosc 58:2271.
[9]	I. O. Oladele, J.A. Omotoyinbo, J. O. T. Adewara (2010), Investigating the effect of chemical treatment on the constituents and tensile properties of sisal fibers’, Journal of minerals & materials characterization & engineering, Vol. 9, No. 6, 569-582.
[10]	A. K. Bledzki, A. A. Mamun, M. Lucka-Gabor, V. S. Gutowski (2008), The effects of acetylation on properties of flax fiber and its polypropylene composites, eXPRESS Polymer letters, Vol. 2, No. 6, 413-422.
[11]	M.Depeepya, T.D.Raju, & T.Jayananda (2012), Effect of alkali treatment on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of typha Angustifolia Fibre Reinforced Composites. Int. J. Mech. Ind. Eng (IJMIE), 1(4):12-14.
[12]	F.W. Billmeyer. (2005), Textbook on Polymer Science – 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Singapore. 413 - 414.

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Anike David Chukwudi, Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma, Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka, Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. (2015). Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Science Journal of Chemistry, 3(4), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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ACS Style

Anike David Chukwudi; Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma; Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka; Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Sci. J. Chem. 2015, 3(4), 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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AMA Style

Anike David Chukwudi, Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma, Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka, Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Sci J Chem. 2015;3(4):72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12,
  author = {Anike David Chukwudi and Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma and Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka and Ezuh Cyprian Sunday},
  title = {Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {72-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20150304.12},
  abstract = {This work studied the comparison of the effects of acetylation and alkali treatments on the physical and morphological properties of raffia palm fibre polyester composites. The clean raffia palm fibres obtained from raffia palm tree were pre-treated using acetylation and alkali (mercerization) methods. The treated fibres were dried, ground and incorporate into polyester resin at various fibre loads of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The treated fibre composite samples were subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D638 using Instron model 3369. The microhardness test was done using microhardness tester (LECO/M700AT). The scanning electron micrographs of the samples were taken using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine, model EVO/MA 10. The results of the analyses showed that the composites of the acetylated fibre improved the properties of the composites for ultimate tensile strength, better than the composites of alkali(mercerized) treated fibre, while the latter gave better modulus of elasticity and extension at break. Both the treatment methods showed increase in microhardness for the composites as fibre loads increases, but the acetylated fibre composites gave better results at each of the fibre loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, studied. The SEM of the acetylated fibre composites, especially the 5% fibre load, showed better fibre-matrix interfacial bonding than the alkali treated fibre composites.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite
AU  - Anike David Chukwudi
AU  - Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma
AU  - Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka
AU  - Ezuh Cyprian Sunday
Y1  - 2015/08/19
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
AB  - This work studied the comparison of the effects of acetylation and alkali treatments on the physical and morphological properties of raffia palm fibre polyester composites. The clean raffia palm fibres obtained from raffia palm tree were pre-treated using acetylation and alkali (mercerization) methods. The treated fibres were dried, ground and incorporate into polyester resin at various fibre loads of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The treated fibre composite samples were subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D638 using Instron model 3369. The microhardness test was done using microhardness tester (LECO/M700AT). The scanning electron micrographs of the samples were taken using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine, model EVO/MA 10. The results of the analyses showed that the composites of the acetylated fibre improved the properties of the composites for ultimate tensile strength, better than the composites of alkali(mercerized) treated fibre, while the latter gave better modulus of elasticity and extension at break. Both the treatment methods showed increase in microhardness for the composites as fibre loads increases, but the acetylated fibre composites gave better results at each of the fibre loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, studied. The SEM of the acetylated fibre composites, especially the 5% fibre load, showed better fibre-matrix interfacial bonding than the alkali treated fibre composites.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Anike David Chukwudi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ezuh Cyprian Sunday

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Anike David Chukwudi, Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma, Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka, Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. (2015). Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Science Journal of Chemistry, 3(4), 72-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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ACS Style

Anike David Chukwudi; Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma; Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka; Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Sci. J. Chem. 2015, 3(4), 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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AMA Style

Anike David Chukwudi, Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma, Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka, Ezuh Cyprian Sunday. Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite. Sci J Chem. 2015;3(4):72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12,
  author = {Anike David Chukwudi and Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma and Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka and Ezuh Cyprian Sunday},
  title = {Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite},
  journal = {Science Journal of Chemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {72-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjc.20150304.12},
  abstract = {This work studied the comparison of the effects of acetylation and alkali treatments on the physical and morphological properties of raffia palm fibre polyester composites. The clean raffia palm fibres obtained from raffia palm tree were pre-treated using acetylation and alkali (mercerization) methods. The treated fibres were dried, ground and incorporate into polyester resin at various fibre loads of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The treated fibre composite samples were subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D638 using Instron model 3369. The microhardness test was done using microhardness tester (LECO/M700AT). The scanning electron micrographs of the samples were taken using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine, model EVO/MA 10. The results of the analyses showed that the composites of the acetylated fibre improved the properties of the composites for ultimate tensile strength, better than the composites of alkali(mercerized) treated fibre, while the latter gave better modulus of elasticity and extension at break. Both the treatment methods showed increase in microhardness for the composites as fibre loads increases, but the acetylated fibre composites gave better results at each of the fibre loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, studied. The SEM of the acetylated fibre composites, especially the 5% fibre load, showed better fibre-matrix interfacial bonding than the alkali treated fibre composites.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparison of Acetylation and Alkali Treatments on the Physical and Morphological Properties of Raffia Palm Fibre Reinforced Composite
AU  - Anike David Chukwudi
AU  - Onuegbu Theresa Uzoma
AU  - Ugochukwu-Aniefuna Anthonia Azuka
AU  - Ezuh Cyprian Sunday
Y1  - 2015/08/19
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
T2  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Chemistry
SP  - 72
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-099X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150304.12
AB  - This work studied the comparison of the effects of acetylation and alkali treatments on the physical and morphological properties of raffia palm fibre polyester composites. The clean raffia palm fibres obtained from raffia palm tree were pre-treated using acetylation and alkali (mercerization) methods. The treated fibres were dried, ground and incorporate into polyester resin at various fibre loads of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The treated fibre composite samples were subjected to tensile tests according to ASTM D638 using Instron model 3369. The microhardness test was done using microhardness tester (LECO/M700AT). The scanning electron micrographs of the samples were taken using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) machine, model EVO/MA 10. The results of the analyses showed that the composites of the acetylated fibre improved the properties of the composites for ultimate tensile strength, better than the composites of alkali(mercerized) treated fibre, while the latter gave better modulus of elasticity and extension at break. Both the treatment methods showed increase in microhardness for the composites as fibre loads increases, but the acetylated fibre composites gave better results at each of the fibre loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, studied. The SEM of the acetylated fibre composites, especially the 5% fibre load, showed better fibre-matrix interfacial bonding than the alkali treated fibre composites.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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