Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a method used to extract oil and natural gas from shale and coalbed deposits by high-pressure injection of a cocktail mix of chemicals, sand and water. However, absorbed in the returning produced wastewaters along with the desired hydrocarbons are Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). Through the various refinement and waste treatment processes these activities can further concentrate the radiological contents into Technologically Enhanced NORM (TENORM). A technique has been developed to perform rapid screening of the radioactivity based on gamma spectroscopy using a scintillation detector with advanced algorithmic processing of the data.
| Published in |
International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 2-1)
This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Methods and Technologies for Hydraulic Fracturing |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-6 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Hydraulic Fracturing, TENORM, Gamma Spectroscopy
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APA Style
Leong Ying. (2014). Analyzing TENORM in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastes. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(2-1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11
ACS Style
Leong Ying. Analyzing TENORM in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastes. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 3(2-1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11
AMA Style
Leong Ying. Analyzing TENORM in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastes. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;3(2-1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11,
author = {Leong Ying},
title = {Analyzing TENORM in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastes},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
volume = {3},
number = {2-1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.2015030201.11},
abstract = {Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a method used to extract oil and natural gas from shale and coalbed deposits by high-pressure injection of a cocktail mix of chemicals, sand and water. However, absorbed in the returning produced wastewaters along with the desired hydrocarbons are Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). Through the various refinement and waste treatment processes these activities can further concentrate the radiological contents into Technologically Enhanced NORM (TENORM). A technique has been developed to perform rapid screening of the radioactivity based on gamma spectroscopy using a scintillation detector with advanced algorithmic processing of the data.},
year = {2014}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Analyzing TENORM in Hydraulic Fracturing Wastes AU - Leong Ying Y1 - 2014/10/29 PY - 2014 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-7667 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.2015030201.11 AB - Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is a method used to extract oil and natural gas from shale and coalbed deposits by high-pressure injection of a cocktail mix of chemicals, sand and water. However, absorbed in the returning produced wastewaters along with the desired hydrocarbons are Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM). Through the various refinement and waste treatment processes these activities can further concentrate the radiological contents into Technologically Enhanced NORM (TENORM). A technique has been developed to perform rapid screening of the radioactivity based on gamma spectroscopy using a scintillation detector with advanced algorithmic processing of the data. VL - 3 IS - 2-1 ER -
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