Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cotelli Maria Sofia; Manelli Filippo; Tosana Elisa; Turla Marinella

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cotelli Maria Sofia, Manelli Filippo, Tosana Elisa, Turla Marinella

Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 15 September 2019 Accepted: 8 October 2019 Published: 17 October 2019

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Abstract

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic functions. Although various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, can be considered as involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Recent data suggest that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays a pivotal part in the pathophysiological cascade, leading to an impairment of hippocampal function during TGA. We report three cases on neurodegenerative disorders presenting with transitory global amnesia, all evaluated at the department of emergency of Esine Hospital (Brescia), who developed all neurodegenerative disorders. It is important, when performing neurological evaluation in the department of emergency, to consider the possible presence of underlying cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms especially in older people. Neurological evaluation should take into consideration the presence of piramidal, extrapiramidal or frontal sign release positivity or the presence of higher cortical functions impairment. It should be important to refer these patients to appropriate neurological evaluation in appropriate Centers for Neurodegenerative Disorders.

Published in	Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 8, Issue 5) This article belongs to the Special Issue Rare and Degenerative Disorders in Neurology
DOI	10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14
Page(s)	115-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Amnesia, Neurodegenerative, Emergency

References

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APA Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia, Manelli Filippo, Tosana Elisa, Turla Marinella. (2019). Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clinical Medicine Research, 8(5), 115-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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ACS Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia; Manelli Filippo; Tosana Elisa; Turla Marinella. Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin. Med. Res. 2019, 8(5), 115-118. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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AMA Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia, Manelli Filippo, Tosana Elisa, Turla Marinella. Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin Med Res. 2019;8(5):115-118. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14,
  author = {Cotelli Maria Sofia and Manelli Filippo and Tosana Elisa and Turla Marinella},
  title = {Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {115-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20190805.14},
  abstract = {Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic functions. Although various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, can be considered as involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Recent data suggest that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays a pivotal part in the pathophysiological cascade, leading to an impairment of hippocampal function during TGA. We report three cases on neurodegenerative disorders presenting with transitory global amnesia, all evaluated at the department of emergency of Esine Hospital (Brescia), who developed all neurodegenerative disorders. It is important, when performing neurological evaluation in the department of emergency, to consider the possible presence of underlying cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms especially in older people. Neurological evaluation should take into consideration the presence of piramidal, extrapiramidal or frontal sign release positivity or the presence of higher cortical functions impairment. It should be important to refer these patients to appropriate neurological evaluation in appropriate Centers for Neurodegenerative Disorders.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders
AU  - Cotelli Maria Sofia
AU  - Manelli Filippo
AU  - Tosana Elisa
AU  - Turla Marinella
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DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
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AB  - Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic functions. Although various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, can be considered as involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Recent data suggest that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays a pivotal part in the pathophysiological cascade, leading to an impairment of hippocampal function during TGA. We report three cases on neurodegenerative disorders presenting with transitory global amnesia, all evaluated at the department of emergency of Esine Hospital (Brescia), who developed all neurodegenerative disorders. It is important, when performing neurological evaluation in the department of emergency, to consider the possible presence of underlying cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms especially in older people. Neurological evaluation should take into consideration the presence of piramidal, extrapiramidal or frontal sign release positivity or the presence of higher cortical functions impairment. It should be important to refer these patients to appropriate neurological evaluation in appropriate Centers for Neurodegenerative Disorders.
VL  - 8
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Author Information

Cotelli Maria Sofia

Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Valcamonica (Esine), Brescia, Italy
Manelli Filippo

Department of Emergency and Urgency, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Valcamonica (Esine), Brescia, Italy
Tosana Elisa

Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Valcamonica (Esine), Brescia, Italy
Turla Marinella

Neurology Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Valcamonica (Esine), Brescia, Italy

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APA Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia, Manelli Filippo, Tosana Elisa, Turla Marinella. (2019). Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clinical Medicine Research, 8(5), 115-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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ACS Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia; Manelli Filippo; Tosana Elisa; Turla Marinella. Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin. Med. Res. 2019, 8(5), 115-118. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

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AMA Style

Cotelli Maria Sofia, Manelli Filippo, Tosana Elisa, Turla Marinella. Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Clin Med Res. 2019;8(5):115-118. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14,
  author = {Cotelli Maria Sofia and Manelli Filippo and Tosana Elisa and Turla Marinella},
  title = {Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {115-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20190805.14},
  abstract = {Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic functions. Although various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, can be considered as involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Recent data suggest that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays a pivotal part in the pathophysiological cascade, leading to an impairment of hippocampal function during TGA. We report three cases on neurodegenerative disorders presenting with transitory global amnesia, all evaluated at the department of emergency of Esine Hospital (Brescia), who developed all neurodegenerative disorders. It is important, when performing neurological evaluation in the department of emergency, to consider the possible presence of underlying cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms especially in older people. Neurological evaluation should take into consideration the presence of piramidal, extrapiramidal or frontal sign release positivity or the presence of higher cortical functions impairment. It should be important to refer these patients to appropriate neurological evaluation in appropriate Centers for Neurodegenerative Disorders.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) as First Presenting Sign of Neurodegenerative Disorders
AU  - Cotelli Maria Sofia
AU  - Manelli Filippo
AU  - Tosana Elisa
AU  - Turla Marinella
Y1  - 2019/10/17
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 115
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20190805.14
AB  - Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, accompanied by repetitive questioning, sometimes with a retrograde component, lasting up to 24 hours, without compromise of other neurologic functions. Although various factors, such as migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and epileptic phenomena, can be considered as involved in the pathophysiology and differential diagnosis of TGA, the factors triggering the emergence of these lesions are still elusive. Recent data suggest that the vulnerability of CA1 neurons to metabolic stress plays a pivotal part in the pathophysiological cascade, leading to an impairment of hippocampal function during TGA. We report three cases on neurodegenerative disorders presenting with transitory global amnesia, all evaluated at the department of emergency of Esine Hospital (Brescia), who developed all neurodegenerative disorders. It is important, when performing neurological evaluation in the department of emergency, to consider the possible presence of underlying cognitive impairment or behavioral symptoms especially in older people. Neurological evaluation should take into consideration the presence of piramidal, extrapiramidal or frontal sign release positivity or the presence of higher cortical functions impairment. It should be important to refer these patients to appropriate neurological evaluation in appropriate Centers for Neurodegenerative Disorders.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

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