Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State

Okwy-Nweke C. P.; Anyanwu J. O.; Maduforo A. N.

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State

Okwy-Nweke C. P., Anyanwu J. O., Maduforo A. N.

Published in Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 17 July 2014 Accepted: 29 July 2014 Published: 10 August 2014

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Abstract

Objective: The research was designed to ascertain information on the mothers’ beliefs and obstacles as limitations in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among the working class mothers aimed to: (1) to determine the rate of promotion of the awareness on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, (2) to determine the obstacles or barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) to determine the percentage level of working class who practice exclusive breastfeeding, (4) to assess the nutritional knowledge and beliefs of working class mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and (5) to find out the level to which the practice of exclusive breast feeding influences the working class. Methodology: This survey study was carried out on 60 respondents which compromised of registered working class mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic at the Institute of Child Health, UNTH, Enugu. Structured and validated questionnaire were used to obtain information from the subjects on their socio-economic background, baby’s information, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding. Data obtained from the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to determine their frequency and percentages. Result: Result showed that 91.7% of the mothers had knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding which they individually came across at different times in their lives. A small number of the mothers 38.3% practiced exclusive breastfeeding which was found to be influenced by their level of education, antenatal clinic attendance and personal conviction. 35% of them initiated breastfeeding within 30 minutes of delivery. It was observed that majority of the mothers, 80% of them do not express their breast milk. Apparently 85% of the mothers are agreed to the numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. 81.7% of the mothers are of the opinion that the presence and availability of hygienic crèche in their offices will reduce the obstacles to exclusive breast feeding. The main obstacle to exclusive breastfeeding identified was absence and unavailability of hygienic crèche in office environments, followed by breast and nipple problems, perceived milk insufficiency, pressure from family and sometimes the effect of drugs taken while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educational programme on exclusive and optimal breastfeeding should be strengthened and mothers enlightened on its importance. Therefore more behavioural changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.

Published in	Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
Page(s)	105-111
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mothers Beliefs, Obstacles, Limitations, Exclusive –Breastfeeding & Working Class Mothers

References

[1]	Martorell R, Kettel K. L, and Schroeder D.G. (1994) Reversibility of stunting: epidemiological findings in children from developing countries. Eur J Clin Nutr;S45-S57.
[2]	O’Brien, J. (2010) Six million babies now saved every year through exclusive breastfeeding. www.unicef.org
[3]	Gartner L.M. (2005). "Breastfeeding and the use of human milk [policy statement"]. Pediatrics 115 (2): 496–506
[4]	WHO (2000) Feeding and Nutrition of infant and young children Guidelines for the WHO European Region. WHO Regional Publications, European series, no 87.
[5]	Technical updates of the guidelines on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). Evidence and recommendations for further adaptations. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2005.
[6]	Evidence on the long-term effects of breastfeeding: systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007.
[7]	León-Cava N et al. Quantifying the benefits of breastfeeding: a summary of the evidence. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 2002 (http://www.paho.org/English/AD/FCH/BOB-Main.htm, accessed 26 June
[8]	WHO and UNICEF (2009) Baby-friendly hospital initiative: revised, updated and expanded for integrated care. Section 2, Strengthening and sustaining the baby-friendly hospital initiative: a course for decision makers. World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
[9]	Nwazor F. O., (1994). Successful breastfeeding Onitsha: Ife-Lithe Print pp. 40-61
[10]	United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2012) THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S CHILDREN 2012 United Nations publications www.unicef.org/sowc2012.

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Okwy-Nweke C. P., Anyanwu J. O., Maduforo A. N. (2014). Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clinical Medicine Research, 3(4), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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ACS Style

Okwy-Nweke C. P.; Anyanwu J. O.; Maduforo A. N. Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clin. Med. Res. 2014, 3(4), 105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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AMA Style

Okwy-Nweke C. P., Anyanwu J. O., Maduforo A. N. Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clin Med Res. 2014;3(4):105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15,
  author = {Okwy-Nweke C. P. and Anyanwu J. O. and Maduforo A. N.},
  title = {Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {105-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20140304.15},
  abstract = {Objective: The research was designed to ascertain information on the mothers’ beliefs and obstacles as limitations in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among the working class mothers aimed to: (1) to determine the rate of promotion of the awareness on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, (2) to determine the obstacles or barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) to determine the percentage level of working class who practice exclusive breastfeeding, (4) to assess the nutritional knowledge and beliefs of working class mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and (5) to find out the level to which the practice of exclusive breast feeding influences the working class. Methodology: This survey study was carried out on 60 respondents which compromised of registered working class mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic at the Institute of Child Health, UNTH, Enugu. Structured and validated questionnaire were used to obtain information from the subjects on their socio-economic background, baby’s information, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding. Data obtained from the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to determine their frequency and percentages. Result: Result showed that 91.7% of the mothers had knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding which they individually came across at different times in their lives. A small number of the mothers 38.3% practiced exclusive breastfeeding which was found to be influenced by their level of education, antenatal clinic attendance and personal conviction. 35% of them initiated breastfeeding within 30 minutes of delivery. It was observed that majority of the mothers, 80% of them do not express their breast milk. Apparently 85% of the mothers are agreed to the numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. 81.7% of the mothers are of the opinion that the presence and availability of hygienic crèche in their offices will reduce the obstacles to exclusive breast feeding. The main obstacle to exclusive breastfeeding identified was absence and unavailability of hygienic crèche in office environments, followed by breast and nipple problems, perceived milk insufficiency, pressure from family and sometimes the effect of drugs taken while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educational programme on exclusive and optimal breastfeeding should be strengthened and mothers enlightened on its importance. Therefore more behavioural changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State
AU  - Okwy-Nweke C. P.
AU  - Anyanwu J. O.
AU  - Maduforo A. N.
Y1  - 2014/08/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
AB  - Objective: The research was designed to ascertain information on the mothers’ beliefs and obstacles as limitations in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among the working class mothers aimed to: (1) to determine the rate of promotion of the awareness on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, (2) to determine the obstacles or barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) to determine the percentage level of working class who practice exclusive breastfeeding, (4) to assess the nutritional knowledge and beliefs of working class mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and (5) to find out the level to which the practice of exclusive breast feeding influences the working class. Methodology: This survey study was carried out on 60 respondents which compromised of registered working class mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic at the Institute of Child Health, UNTH, Enugu. Structured and validated questionnaire were used to obtain information from the subjects on their socio-economic background, baby’s information, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding. Data obtained from the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to determine their frequency and percentages. Result: Result showed that 91.7% of the mothers had knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding which they individually came across at different times in their lives. A small number of the mothers 38.3% practiced exclusive breastfeeding which was found to be influenced by their level of education, antenatal clinic attendance and personal conviction. 35% of them initiated breastfeeding within 30 minutes of delivery. It was observed that majority of the mothers, 80% of them do not express their breast milk. Apparently 85% of the mothers are agreed to the numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. 81.7% of the mothers are of the opinion that the presence and availability of hygienic crèche in their offices will reduce the obstacles to exclusive breast feeding. The main obstacle to exclusive breastfeeding identified was absence and unavailability of hygienic crèche in office environments, followed by breast and nipple problems, perceived milk insufficiency, pressure from family and sometimes the effect of drugs taken while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educational programme on exclusive and optimal breastfeeding should be strengthened and mothers enlightened on its importance. Therefore more behavioural changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Okwy-Nweke C. P.

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
Anyanwu J. O.

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Air Force Base Hospital Airport Road Abuja, Nigeria
Maduforo A. N.

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Research, PMAN International Health Services, Abuja FCT, Nigeria

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APA Style

Okwy-Nweke C. P., Anyanwu J. O., Maduforo A. N. (2014). Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clinical Medicine Research, 3(4), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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ACS Style

Okwy-Nweke C. P.; Anyanwu J. O.; Maduforo A. N. Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clin. Med. Res. 2014, 3(4), 105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

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AMA Style

Okwy-Nweke C. P., Anyanwu J. O., Maduforo A. N. Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State. Clin Med Res. 2014;3(4):105-111. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15,
  author = {Okwy-Nweke C. P. and Anyanwu J. O. and Maduforo A. N.},
  title = {Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State},
  journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {105-111},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20140304.15},
  abstract = {Objective: The research was designed to ascertain information on the mothers’ beliefs and obstacles as limitations in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among the working class mothers aimed to: (1) to determine the rate of promotion of the awareness on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, (2) to determine the obstacles or barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) to determine the percentage level of working class who practice exclusive breastfeeding, (4) to assess the nutritional knowledge and beliefs of working class mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and (5) to find out the level to which the practice of exclusive breast feeding influences the working class. Methodology: This survey study was carried out on 60 respondents which compromised of registered working class mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic at the Institute of Child Health, UNTH, Enugu. Structured and validated questionnaire were used to obtain information from the subjects on their socio-economic background, baby’s information, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding. Data obtained from the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to determine their frequency and percentages. Result: Result showed that 91.7% of the mothers had knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding which they individually came across at different times in their lives. A small number of the mothers 38.3% practiced exclusive breastfeeding which was found to be influenced by their level of education, antenatal clinic attendance and personal conviction. 35% of them initiated breastfeeding within 30 minutes of delivery. It was observed that majority of the mothers, 80% of them do not express their breast milk. Apparently 85% of the mothers are agreed to the numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. 81.7% of the mothers are of the opinion that the presence and availability of hygienic crèche in their offices will reduce the obstacles to exclusive breast feeding. The main obstacle to exclusive breastfeeding identified was absence and unavailability of hygienic crèche in office environments, followed by breast and nipple problems, perceived milk insufficiency, pressure from family and sometimes the effect of drugs taken while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educational programme on exclusive and optimal breastfeeding should be strengthened and mothers enlightened on its importance. Therefore more behavioural changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.},
 year = {2014}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mothers Beliefs and Obstacles as Limitations in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Working Class Mothers Attending Infant Welfare Clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu State
AU  - Okwy-Nweke C. P.
AU  - Anyanwu J. O.
AU  - Maduforo A. N.
Y1  - 2014/08/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
T2  - Clinical Medicine Research
JF  - Clinical Medicine Research
JO  - Clinical Medicine Research
SP  - 105
EP  - 111
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-9057
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20140304.15
AB  - Objective: The research was designed to ascertain information on the mothers’ beliefs and obstacles as limitations in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among the working class mothers aimed to: (1) to determine the rate of promotion of the awareness on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, (2) to determine the obstacles or barriers to the practice of exclusive breastfeeding, (3) to determine the percentage level of working class who practice exclusive breastfeeding, (4) to assess the nutritional knowledge and beliefs of working class mothers about exclusive breastfeeding and (5) to find out the level to which the practice of exclusive breast feeding influences the working class. Methodology: This survey study was carried out on 60 respondents which compromised of registered working class mothers attending the Infant Welfare Clinic at the Institute of Child Health, UNTH, Enugu. Structured and validated questionnaire were used to obtain information from the subjects on their socio-economic background, baby’s information, promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding. Data obtained from the subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 16 to determine their frequency and percentages. Result: Result showed that 91.7% of the mothers had knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding which they individually came across at different times in their lives. A small number of the mothers 38.3% practiced exclusive breastfeeding which was found to be influenced by their level of education, antenatal clinic attendance and personal conviction. 35% of them initiated breastfeeding within 30 minutes of delivery. It was observed that majority of the mothers, 80% of them do not express their breast milk. Apparently 85% of the mothers are agreed to the numerous benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. 81.7% of the mothers are of the opinion that the presence and availability of hygienic crèche in their offices will reduce the obstacles to exclusive breast feeding. The main obstacle to exclusive breastfeeding identified was absence and unavailability of hygienic crèche in office environments, followed by breast and nipple problems, perceived milk insufficiency, pressure from family and sometimes the effect of drugs taken while breastfeeding. Conclusion: Educational programme on exclusive and optimal breastfeeding should be strengthened and mothers enlightened on its importance. Therefore more behavioural changes and communication should be made to promote, protect and support exclusive breast feeding.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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